2013 - Volume 08 Issue 3

VALIDATION OF CONCEPTUAL HYDRO-SALINITY MODEL (CIRFLE) FOR THE IRRIGATED AREA OF KALAAT EL ANDALOUS IN TUNISIA

2021-01-08T06:31:22Z

VALIDATION OF CONCEPTUAL HYDRO-SALINITY MODEL (CIRFLE) FOR THE IRRIGATED AREA OF KALAAT EL ANDALOUS IN TUNISIA Ferjani, Noura; Daghari, Hedi A simulation study of the volume of water, salt concentrations and loads in irrigation return flows was carried out in the irrigated area of Kalaât El Andalous during three hydrologic years (2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010) using a Conceptual Irrigation Return Flow hydrosalinity model considering the Leaching Efficiency of salts (CIRFLE). Results show that the measured and calculated values are in good agreement. Scenario-analysis for management variable (irrigated area) and environmental parameters (precipitation) were performed. A good correlation between measured and calculated values was observed specially in the case of an average year (487 mm). Results show that in the case of wet year (800 mm), leaching of soil is operated naturally. So the leaching fraction can be reduced. However, if rainfall is low, there is a risk of salts accumulation in soil. In an average year (rainfall = 500 mm), if we project to irrigate the entire area (2905 ha), the water volume of surface irrigation return flow becomes very important (16. 106 m3 ). In such situation, the salt concentration of drainage water is increased by 12% and the mass of salts removed is very high (106 801 tons). In this case, there will be no risk of salinization.

INFLUENCE OF VARIETIES AND SEEDING RATES ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, DISEASE REACTION AND ECONOMICS OF WHEAT IN NORTHWEST INDIA

2021-01-08T06:24:15Z

INFLUENCE OF VARIETIES AND SEEDING RATES ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, DISEASE REACTION AND ECONOMICS OF WHEAT IN NORTHWEST INDIA Ram, H; Buttar, G. S; Bhagat, I; Sharma, I; Mavi, G. S; Jindal, M. M The field experiment on influence of varieties and seeding rates on growth, productivity, disease reaction and economics of wheat was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India and its regional stations Bathinda and Gurdaspur in 2007-08 to 2008-09. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three varieties, PBW 550, PBW 343 and DBW 17 as main plot treatments and four seed rates, 87.5, 100, 112.5 and 125 kg/ha as sub plot treatments having four replications. The highest ears/m2 was recorded in variety PBW 343 which was significantly higher than DBW 17 at Bathinda and Gurdaspur but not at Ludhiana. The highest grains/ear were recorded in variety PBW 550 which was significantly higher than PBW 343 and DBW 17. The yellow rust score of variety PBW 343 was 80S at Gurdaspur and 60S at Ludhiana which was epidemic year for yellow rust but PBW 550 and DBW 17 show almost similar response to yellow rust (5S to 20 MS). The significantly higher productivity was recorded in PBW 550 at all the locations in all the years except in Ludhiana Increased seed rate, increased the plant stand, photosynthetically active radiation interception and leaf area index. The highest ears/m2 was recorded in seed rate of 125 kg/ha which was statistically on par with seed rate of 112.5 kg seed/ha but was significantly higher than seed rate of 87.5 and 100 kg/ha. There was no trend for different diseases with respect to seed rate. The highest productivity was recorded in 112.5 kg seed rate/ha which was significantly higher than all the other seed rates. The highest grain yield of PBW 550 at seed rate of 112.5 kg/ha was statistically on par with only PBW 550 at 125 kg seed rate/ha but significantly higher than all the other varieties at all the seed rates. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio recorded in PBW 550 at 112.5 kg seed rate/ha.

HETEROSIS IN F1 GENERATIONS OF TWO INDICA RICE CROSSES FOR GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS

2021-01-08T06:20:17Z

HETEROSIS IN F1 GENERATIONS OF TWO INDICA RICE CROSSES FOR GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS Perera, U. I. P; Bentota, A. P; Ratnasekara, D; Senanayake, S. G. J. N Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop for more than half of the world population. Use of heterosis is one of the greatest practical achievements of plant breeding. Two single crosses, Bg 379-2 x Mu 8-7 (Cross 1) and Bg 379-2 x Bw 400 (Cross 2) were chosen to study the heterosis and genetic effects in yield related agronomic characters of rice. F1 hybrids along with their parents were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Cross 1 showed significant heterobeltiosis for leaf width (LW), panicle length (PL) and plant height (PH) while Cross 2 showed significant heterobeltiosis for LW, culm length (CL), and PH. Additive genetic effect is higher than the dominance effect in days to 50% flowering (DF), CL and panicles per plant (PP) in Cross 1, while dominance effect is higher than the additive genetic effect in seedling height, LW, CL and PH in Cross 2. Bg 379-2 x Mu 8-7 is a more potential cross that agreed with breeding objectives, especially to extract short age high yielding breeding lines.

SEASONAL CHANGES IN SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, NORTH EAST INDIA

2021-01-08T06:17:03Z

SEASONAL CHANGES IN SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, NORTH EAST INDIA Bhuyan, S. I; Tripathi, O. P; Khan, M. L The study was carried out to investigate the soil microbial biomass C, N and P of major agroecosystems prevalent in East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh viz., Soybean, Millet, Maize and Vegetable agro-ecosystem. The study was conducted for a period of an annual cycle during the year 2010-11. Microbial biomass C and N ranged between 199.61 and 238.35 µg g-1 and 15.46 and 26.55 μg g-1 respectively.It was found to be higher in the surface soil layer than the subsurface layer in all the agro-ecosystems. Microbial biomass P significantly varied among the seasons and sites (P<0.05). Microbial C/N ratio was found to be higher in subsurface soil layer than the surface soil layer and the ratio varied between 8.83 and 13.94 in all the sites. Microbial biomass C contribution to total soil organic carbon was 1.13%-3.37%. Microclimatic variations and different agricultural practices were found to affect the changes in microbial biomass.