http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/588 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 03:03:51 GMT 2026-04-30T03:03:51Z http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/631 Tourism Under Military: A Critique on Land Utilization and Tourism in Postwar Sri Lanka Hapugoda, Mahesh; Ratnayak, Iraj This critique argues that the intervention of military in land utilization and recreational tourism in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka was instigated by markerdriven geo-political negligence. It discovers that the nature of the introduction of postcatastrophic tourism (Zizek, 2014) has been affected by profound non-articulation of political significance to the traumatic historical memory of the inhabitants who were affected, which has resulted in generating a degree of dark tourism in the area concerned. The southern invasions in the form of usual pilgrims which ‘combined battlefield and leisure tourism practices’ (Pieris, 2014: 266) has characterized ‘the presentation and the consumption of real and commoditized death and disaster area’ (Foley and Lennon, 1996: 198) which has originated in consequences of a long term conflict. Correspondingly, the apparent mass tourism promotion by the government between 2009 and 2014 too has significantly disregarded the definitive symbolic principle of ‘the visitation to places where tragedies or historically noteworthy death has occurred and that continue to impact our lives’ (Tarlow, 2005: 48) before obvious profit motives. The study observes that serious memories and sensitivities of the thirty years of the war-affected community have not been paid attention to and has caused dangerous humanitarian negligence in a wider political sense. While the function of tourism at present as an agent of development in improving the living condition of the community seems evidently true in this context, the trivialization of the symbolic significance of a historical memory and ownership of a community, which has turned ‘the suffering into a leisure experience for contemporary tourists’ (Smith et al., 2010: 38) cannot also be easily overlooked. Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/631 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/630 Critics on Feminist Influence for the New Bhikkhunī Revival Debate in Sri Lanka: Ethnographical Inquiry De Silva, Gihani Feminist academia and activists are the pioneers of revival of bhikkhunī order in Sri Lanka. These International and local proponents are being criticized for their very attempt. Thus, the main objective of this study is to recognize dasasilmātās’ responses towards this intermediation of feminist activism, as dasasilmātās are the oldest alternative form of female renunciant group, who highly affected by the new status of bhikkhunī-hood. This ethnographical study has conducted using observation and interview methods, employing ten executive members of Silmata Jathika Mandalaya (SMJMEC), five dasasilmātās in western province, four bhikkhunīs and one government officer under purposive sampling method. According to ethnographical findings, most of dasasilmātās do not accept International bhikkhunī higher ordination ceremonies and contribution made to them by local and international feminist (female) activists. But, they do not mention about bhikkhu activists as feminist activists. However while criticizing, they highlight the Western feminist influence. Therefore, they hardly identify the high profile of Asian feminist involvement in revival of bhikkhunī order in Sri Lanka. For instances, in reality there were multiple transnational bhikkhunī advocacy projects. Dasasilmātās not only equates feminism with the West, but also with elite class status. Further, inner disagreements or fractions among local feminists and activists in the early period of the bhikkhunī revival movement are important concerns. Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/630 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/628 Theorizing Violence as an Essential Byproduct of the Paradox of Modernity: Reading Inglourious Basterds Hapugoda, Mahesh This paper argues that the animosity and violence theorized in the movie Inglorious Basterds (Tarantino 2009) can be interpreted as a paradoxical by-product of the Enlightened humanity. If the world is a carefully calculated phenomenon of the enlightened man and the reason is the fundamental driving force, it is paradoxical how evil becomes a by-product in modern post-enlightenment humanity. The bourgeois humanity of the Enlightenment project, therefore, carries the characteristic that educated, cultured, mannered and charming men are fully capable of metamorphosing into monstrous beasts and the ‘dialectic totality’ of both good and evil is the ‘true history’ of the modern world. To exemplify that dual existence, the above movie can be considered as an example, where the aestheticized violence portrayed in the movie displays how the ‘decent’ political space has been taken over by the ‘diabolic evil’ of obscene underground. The paper also investigates how the people who immerse in ‘cultivated academic environments’ are capable of justifying violence over fellow human beings, despite whatever said about their conscience. Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/628 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/626 Implications of Policies and Procedures in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development (SRTD): A Case Study of Sri Lanka Aslam, M.S.M; Bin Awang, Khairil Wahidin Developing tourism in rural areas is found as a panacea for many developing countries to alleviate poverty and overcome many other developmental challenges. Although tourism, a non-traditional developmental intervention accrue some economic benefits for local settings, negative impacts of tourism exacerbates the positive impacts. On the one hand Tourism is politically sound development strategy in recapturing and regenerating the development in rural areas on the other hand it challenges the sustainability in the rural development process. This study intended to appraise the role of policies and procedures in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development (SRTD) with the naturalistic evidences from tourism development in rural Sri Lanka. It employed critical qualitative research design to bring forth the interpretations from natural setting through personal interviews, direct observation and field notes in addition to a wide documental review. Documental reviews illuminate a number of ideals of SRTD in supporting local community empowerment, regenerating rural livelihoods, preserving and conserving socio-culture and environment. However, in reality socially constructed world of rural Sri Lanka reveals that the sustainable rural tourism development is curtailed by the inappropriate and unsteady policy formulation and implementation. Weaken policy formulation and implementation in real world of rural tourism development averts the ideals of SRTD. Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/626 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z