Abstract:
The agricultural sector plays a key role in Sri Lankan economy, whose major source of livelihoods is smallholder farming in
paddy and vegetable cultivation which is highly vulnerable to climate changes having negative impact on food security. To
overcome the welfare losses, the smallholder farmers need to identify the changes in climatic variables and adjust to their
farming practices to cope up with the climate change. Thus, this study examines how rural smallholder farmers in different agroecological zones in Sri Lanka perceive climate change and accordingly adapt to it in their agricultural practices. A questionnaire
survey was conducted with a random sample of 125 farmer households distributed in most vulnerable four agro-ecological zones
namely, Belihuloya, Ihala Galagama, Mulgama and Kosgama in up country inter mediate zone. The study shows that all the
respondents have observed rising trends in temperature and winds and lack of adequate rainfall during last twenty years and in
response they have grown short season crops as the main farming practice to adapt to minimize the potential losses on their
yields. The results of the logistic regression revealed that social economic factors, environmental factors, institutional factors and
the economic structure influence farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change. The size of the household, income,
education, accessibility to climate information through television and radio, being a member in farmers’ group, location of the
land, crop variety, access to formal loans and distance to input markets had significantly affected adaptation. For instance the
farmers who grow beans as the major crop to adapt to climate change has 94% probability with compared to those farmers who
do not grow other crops whereas the farmers who come to know the changing patterns of the climate through television and radio
have a higher probability (94%) of adaptation to the climate change than those who use other media. Sri Lankan government
requires facilitating the smallholder farmers to overcome the constraints in which they face in using adaptation methods to
climate change so that the welfare of the farmers and growth of the agricultural sector can be ensured.
