Abstract:
Climate change in terms of temperature increment is evident in Sri Lanka. Increased temperature negatively affects crop cultivation and different crops have critical growth stages that are
sensitive to temperature. For example, the spikelet sterility in rice is induced by high temperature of around 35 ◦C that directly reduces the yield. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse
the temperature extremes in Anuradhapura, which is one of the major rice growing areas in the
country, using observed daily temperature data. Temperature data for 1975-2005 period were
collected from the Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka. Extreme temperature indices of Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) were used with modifications
and analysis were performed using RClimDex tool. The 90th percentile of maximum and minimum temperatures for the study period were 35.4 ◦C and 25.5 ◦C respectively. The highest
maximum temperature for Yala and Maha seasons were recorded in year 1983 (39.6 ◦C) and
1977 (38.4 ◦C) respectively. Warm days (% of time when daily maximum temperature >90th
percentile) showed a non-significant (p>0.05) increment in both Yala and Maha seasons. In
contrast, significantly (p < 0.05) increasing trends were reported for warm nights (% of time
when daily minimum temperature >90th percentile) in both seasons while a higher increment
was from the Maha season. A significant (p < 0.05) increment of tropical nights (annual count
when daily minimum temperature >25 ◦C) was observed at Anuradhapura, but the summer
days (annual count when daily maximum temperature >35 ◦C) was not significantly (p > 0.05)
increased. In this work, temperature extremes were studied using different aspects of temperature. Lack of recent data hindered the application of the findings, but this protocol can be
successfully applied to study the climate change and impact of climate variability on crop cultivation in Sri Lanka.
