Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of Gem Mining Industry In Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Hunuwala Village In Ratnapura District

Abstract

The gem mining industry (GMI) is one of Sri Lanka's major sources of income and employment. However, it also has considerable socio-economic and environmental (SEE)consequences affecting gem miners and the general public as well. This paper discusses the present SEE impact of the GMI, based on primary data gathered from a field survey undertaken at a gem mining village - Hunuwala in the Ratnapura district. The decline of agricultural production, rising income inequality, seasonal unemployment of gem mining laborers as well as a decline of education, health and living standards were identified. In addition, water pollution, soil erosion and the destruction of areconut trees are the major environmental problems. In order to develop the GMI, it is recommended that both labourers and mine owners are made aware of the adverse consequences of these activities and that the applicable rules and regulations are observed strictly.