Designing a Biomechanical Model to Improve the Reverse Punch Technique in Karate

Abstract

Reverse punch (RP) is the most common punch used in karate contests, aiming to hit the target at a medium range in a short amount of time while delivering maximum power. The aim of this study was to design a biomechanical model that describes the most effective RP. The model is intended to provide a quantitative assessment of how the kinematics, kinetics, and performance-related variables of the kumite event affect the performances. RP was analysed with and errors were identified. Movements were captured using high speed camera setup (240Hz), data were analysed aid of human movement analysing software (Qualisys). The performance of an athlete can be determined or anticipated by comparing the previous and current errors. The optimal performances were examined after engaging in the projected plan, based on the two factors of punch velocity and area between lower limbs. Player A (height=1.68 m) has a punch velocity of 1.7 ms-1 and an area of 2959.7 cm2, while player B (height=1.65 m) has a lower punch velocity but a larger area for RP. Further analysis and other factors such as technique, form, and body mechanics would be necessary to determine the effectiveness and overall power of each athlete’s RP. A biomechanical model was developed in this work using 3D motion analysis and motion equation formation for punching speed and time calculations. The results showed that the area and velocity of the punch increased over time, reaching a peak before declining. The outcomes partially satisfy the target level, but they may still be enhanced by using a superior technological strategy. In addition, this biomechanical model can be utilized to enhance performance and reduce posture mistakes when engaging in karate punching.