Abstract:
A bread spread was developed using palmyrah as the base. The product was formulated
with four different treatments by changing the amount of palmyrah fruit pulp and
cocoa powder as ingredients. The final formula was selected through a sensory analysis
with 30 untrained panellists. The final selected formula has pH 5.79±0.02, water
activity 0.72±0.00, moisture content 36.08±0.77% and Titratable acidity 0.03±0.00g
citric acid/100ml. The final selected formula has included 52.5% pulp, 25% peanut,
2.5% cocoa powder, 15% sugar and 5% coconut oil. Different packing materials such as
polythene, Polypropylene cup and glass bottle were tested for the storage of the bread
spread. In comparison to the polythene and Polypropylene cup, the glass-bottled sample
performed better after a week of storage indicating 6.19±0.00, 30.47±0.35, 0.73±0.00,
43.66±0.52 and 0.02±0.00, respectively, for pH, TSS (brix), water activity, moisture (%),
and Titratable acidity (g citric acid/100ml). The Bread spread with preservative could
store at room temperature for three weeks and significantly different pH of 5.64±0.01,
TSS of 56.60±0.10, Titratable acidity of 0.02±0.01g citric acid/100ml, water activity
of 0.73±0.00, and moisture (%) 45.65±0.00 were recorded for the samples in compared
to the samples that did not contain preservatives. Bread spreads prepared with white
sugar has moisture (%), protein (%), fat (%) and ash (%) contents of 44.79±0.01,
8.66±0.02, 12.70±0.01 and0.76±0.00 respectively. Furthermore, the spread contained
reducing sugar 46.69±0.01 mg/100mg and minerals of Ca 12.47±0.06 mg/100g, Mg
72.30±0.05 mg/100g, Na 1.09±0.01 mg/100g and K 1.00±0.01 mg/100g. The Bread
spread formula, in which white sugar was replaced with palmyrah treacle, showed significant
differences in the moisture 43.29±0.15%, protein 9.88±0.02%, fat 14.30±0.02%,
ash 1.25±0.01%, reducing sugar 35.30±0.00 mg/100mg and minerals of Ca 47.50±0.10
mg/100mg, Mg 92.40±0.38 mg/100mg, Na 0.39±0.00 mg/100mg and K 1.42±0.01
mg/100mg in compared to the control sample that did not contain palmyrah fruit pulp.
