Abstract:
Isotonic beverages have the same osmolality as body fluids, which results in rapid absorption
and delaying exhaustion. In isotonic solutions, neither the size nor the shape of
the cell changes because the concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the
membrane are equal. Therefore, the application of isotonic fluids is a new advancement
in sports beverage formulation due to its advantage over the replenishment of lost fluids
as perspiration during physical exercise. As dehydration reduces physical endurance
and increases the risk of injury, the functional beverage should ensure rapid absorption
of required energy and electrolytes. To standardize isotonic sports beverages, there are
international standards to be met. This study intends to develop formulations of isotonic
beverages containing natural and synthetic ingredients which are economically feasible
and commercially viable. One synthetic formula and two natural formulas (based on
coconut water) are inferred from the research. The study was conducted in two trials
preliminary and final. At the preliminary trial, base formula configuration and adjustments
of osmolality were conducted. The final trial was to determine the final formula
according to sensory perceptions, analysis of mineral contents, and physicochemical
characteristics. The synthetic sample contains an osmolality of 284 ± 1 mOsmol/kg and
sodium content of 688.2 ± 17.7 mg/L. Additionally, the natural formula with artificial
sweetener and the natural formula with bee honey contains an osmolality and sodium
content in the ranges of 307 ± 11 mOsmol/kg, and 716.6 ± 5.8 mg/L, respectively. Data
were analyzed through SPSS software. The final formulations through the research met
standards set by international regulations for isotonic beverages for osmolality (270–330
mOsm/kg) and sodium content (460–1150 mg/L). Coconut water and bee honey are
significant sources of minerals and energy, with a high potential to be used in producing
beverages, that improve dehydrated athletes’ performance.
