Biomechanical Modeling to Movement Pattern of “Kolyvanov” Dismount on the Pommel Horse

Abstract

This study aimed to propose specific alignment of body segments, and Center of Gravity (CG) movement pattern of the gymnast who is executing the “Kolyvanov” dismount on the Pommel Horse (PH). Further, this study provides specific criteria about accurate alignment of body segments throughout the dismount to reduce the common errors. The national gymnasts (n=3; height=1.64±0.05 m; weight=52.23±3.04 kg; age=20.33±2.52 years) who are eligible to perform this element were taken for this study. The data were collected by using six high-speed cameras set up (Miqus M3; 100Hz; 64Ö41◦) to capture the “Kolyvanov” movement pattern. The collected data were analyzed through the human movement analyzing software (Qualisys and Kinovea 0.9.5). A three-dimensional graph of CG movement pattern was designed according to the standards of the Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Code of Points (2022-2024). The biomechanical model was defined by displacement of the CG on the Cartesian coordinates system using three dynamic equations of motion. Moreover, the major six positions of the “Kolyvanov” were described from eighteen equations of motion. The height of the gymnast and body segment angles aligned during the positions are the variables, which define corresponding to the coordinates in the model. Based on the biomechanical model, elite gymnasts can predict the correct CG movement pattern of the dismount. Therefore, the optimum alignments of body segments will be a factor to minimize execution errors and energy extinction. Hence, gymnasts can acquire the “Kolyvanov” dismount artistically by practicing fewer repetitions.