Uncovering the Methods of Operation and Funding of Armed Groups in the MENA Region: A Special Focus on Libya and Yemen

Abstract

Combatants cross national boundaries to represent ideas or organisations outside of state control, making traditional interstate conflict obsolete. As a direct result, non-state armed groups have developed into dangerous adversaries to established militaries. The study’s primary focus is on their funding strategies, as this is a crucial part of their operations. This study seeks to clarify these multifaceted processes by analysing the fundraising strategies of violent extremist organisations. In their search for funding, these organisations have employed a wide range of strategies and methods. This research analyses secondary sources to provide a comprehensive picture of the operational and financial methods used by armed groups. This research, which focuses on Libya and Yemen, highlights the ingenuity and flexibility of armed organisations in the MENA area. According to the findings, in order to keep their operations going, these groups partake in a wide variety of illegal acts, receive external backing, and exploit local resources. The ramifications of these funding sources on regional security, political dynamics, and stability are also highlighted in the study. Comprehensive solutions to address the core causes of armed group financing, including building governance institutions, supporting socio-economic development, and developing regional cooperation, are advised based on the study's findings.