The Modern Role of the Military in Ensuring National Security from Fighting Insurgency to Human Security in Sri Lanka: A Case Study of the Northern Province

Abstract

The military plays a crucial role in national security, varying based on a nation's size, capacity, and economy. Sri Lanka, independent since 1948, prioritized national security but only began strengthening its military after the late 1980sinsurgency. Since then, the military has addressed internal and external threats, including extremism, terrorism, pandemics, and economic challenges. This study examines institutional changes in the military during the postwar period in Sri Lanka's northern province, focusing on its impact on displaced people during the civil war's final stage. Research centred Kilinochchi district, using data from 200 participants through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, analyzed using thematic and descriptive methods. Findings reveal that despite significant military contributions to human security in t northern province, local satisfaction remains limited. The study concludes that sustainable peace and development in the region require economic and social progress, as military capacity alone cannot achieve lasting stability.