Abstract:
The intersection of human rights law and Buddhist ethics presents a complex interplay of legal and moral
philosophy. While Buddhism emphasizes compassion (karuṇā), non-violence (ahiṃsā), and ethical
conduct (sīla), contemporary human rights principles prioritize individual freedom, equality, and legal
protection. This article critically examines the compatibilities and contradictions between Buddhist
ethical teachings and modern human rights discourse, particularly regarding freedom of expression,
gender equality, and socio-political justice. It explores how Buddhist philosophy can enhance human
rights principles by providing a moral foundation for legal norms and challenging Western-biased
interpretations of rights. The study employs a comparative analysis of key Buddhist texts (e.g., the Dīgha
Nikāya, Milindapañha) alongside foundational human rights documents such as the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Case studies from Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar illustrate how
Buddhist ethics have influenced local laws and judicial interpretations. The research concludes that a
Buddhist moral reasoning-based, context-sensitive approach to human rights can make them more
effective and culturally legitimate in Buddhist-majority societies.
