Exploring the Intersection of Buddhist Ethics and Human Rights Legislation through Compatibility and Contradictions

Abstract

The intersection of human rights law and Buddhist ethics presents a complex interplay of legal and moral philosophy. While Buddhism emphasizes compassion (karuṇā), non-violence (ahiṃsā), and ethical conduct (sīla), contemporary human rights principles prioritize individual freedom, equality, and legal protection. This article critically examines the compatibilities and contradictions between Buddhist ethical teachings and modern human rights discourse, particularly regarding freedom of expression, gender equality, and socio-political justice. It explores how Buddhist philosophy can enhance human rights principles by providing a moral foundation for legal norms and challenging Western-biased interpretations of rights. The study employs a comparative analysis of key Buddhist texts (e.g., the Dīgha Nikāya, Milindapañha) alongside foundational human rights documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Case studies from Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar illustrate how Buddhist ethics have influenced local laws and judicial interpretations. The research concludes that a Buddhist moral reasoning-based, context-sensitive approach to human rights can make them more effective and culturally legitimate in Buddhist-majority societies.