Abstract:
In the field of vision science, precise extrapolation of wavefront measurements is crucial for implementing
effective vision correction strategies. Currently available extrapolation approaches
mainly rely on mathematical formulas and analytical methods based on wavefront data from
interior regions. However, they often neglect peripheral or edge region data, which are critical
for accurate adjustments. Subjective approaches have been used to assess the validity of
these interior-based formulas. However, they are generally considered unreliable, particularly
in peripheral regions, where precise adjustments are most needed. This study proposes a novel
approach that is based on the ray tracing algorithm and evaluates the validity of the currently
available extrapolation method. The methodology of this study, in contrast to traditional approaches,
provides a more comprehensive characterisation of the optical system by incorporating
outer region wavefront data. There were significant differences between our ray-tracingbased
predictions and those derived from conventional methods, especially in areas outside the
central pupil. To quantify these differences, we employed a visual acuity estimation model and
the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) as objective evaluation metrics. The visual
acuity model indicated that conventional formulas underestimated the reduction in predicted
acuity when pupil radii ranged from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, in 0.25 mm increments. SSIM analysis
showed relatively stable values (0.8881–0.8074) for formula-based methods. In contrast, our
ray tracing-based method exhibited a wider SSIM variation (0.8881–0.7441), reflecting more
sensitivity to peripheral data. The key findings of this study reveal that in the existing approach,
neglect of peripheral data causes errors in wavefront reconstruction, thereby limiting the vision
correction strategies. This study provides a more rigorous framework for evaluating wavefront
behavior across the full aperture by incorporating outer-region data using ray-tracing simulations.
The key findings of this study provide valuable insights that can help ophthalmologists
and researchers improve the accuracy of correction techniques in both clinical and research settings.
