A ray tracing analysis of peripheral contributions towards reliable optical correction

Abstract

In the field of vision science, precise extrapolation of wavefront measurements is crucial for implementing effective vision correction strategies. Currently available extrapolation approaches mainly rely on mathematical formulas and analytical methods based on wavefront data from interior regions. However, they often neglect peripheral or edge region data, which are critical for accurate adjustments. Subjective approaches have been used to assess the validity of these interior-based formulas. However, they are generally considered unreliable, particularly in peripheral regions, where precise adjustments are most needed. This study proposes a novel approach that is based on the ray tracing algorithm and evaluates the validity of the currently available extrapolation method. The methodology of this study, in contrast to traditional approaches, provides a more comprehensive characterisation of the optical system by incorporating outer region wavefront data. There were significant differences between our ray-tracingbased predictions and those derived from conventional methods, especially in areas outside the central pupil. To quantify these differences, we employed a visual acuity estimation model and the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) as objective evaluation metrics. The visual acuity model indicated that conventional formulas underestimated the reduction in predicted acuity when pupil radii ranged from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, in 0.25 mm increments. SSIM analysis showed relatively stable values (0.8881–0.8074) for formula-based methods. In contrast, our ray tracing-based method exhibited a wider SSIM variation (0.8881–0.7441), reflecting more sensitivity to peripheral data. The key findings of this study reveal that in the existing approach, neglect of peripheral data causes errors in wavefront reconstruction, thereby limiting the vision correction strategies. This study provides a more rigorous framework for evaluating wavefront behavior across the full aperture by incorporating outer-region data using ray-tracing simulations. The key findings of this study provide valuable insights that can help ophthalmologists and researchers improve the accuracy of correction techniques in both clinical and research settings.